Scientific Reports & References

Please note: this page will be updated periodically.

General Field Guides and other Resources
Lizards	Pigmy Short-horned Lizard European Wall Lizard Northwestern Alligator Lizard Western Skink
Snakes	Common Garter Snake (Puget Sound Garter Snake,Valley Garter Snake, Red-sided Garter Snake) Great Basin Gopher Snake Night Snake Northern Pacific Rattlesnake Northwestern Garter Snake Rubber Boa Sharp-tailed Snake Western Terrestrial (Wandering) Garter Snake Western Yellow-bellied Racer
Turtles	Pacific Green Turtle Pacific Leatherback Turtle Red-eared Slider Western Painted Turtle Western (Northern Pacific) Pond Turtle

General Field Guides & Other Resources

Cannings, S.G., L.R. Ramsay, D.F. Fraser, & M.A. Fraker. 1999. Rare amphibians, reptiles, and mammals of British Columbia. Wildlife Branch and Resource Inventory Branch, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/spsum.

Cook, F.R. 1984. Introduction to Canadian Amphibians & Reptiles. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario. ISBN 0-660-10755-4.

Forest Practices Code. 1997. Species and Plant Community Accounts for Identified Wildlife: Vol. 1. B.C. Ministry of Forests and B.C. Environment. 184pp., G97FPC06BCCA, http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/sir/fwh/wld/atlas/species.

Gregory, P.T. & R.W. Campbell. 1984. The reptiles of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria, British Columbia. ISSN 0068-1628 no.44.

Nussbaum, R.A., E.D. Brodie Jr. & R.M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians & Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University of Idaho Press. Moscow, Idaho. ISBN 0-89301-086-3.

St. John, A. 2002. Reptiles of the Northwest, British Columbia to California. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. ISBN 1-55105-343-8.

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Lizards

European Wall Lizard

No resources available at this time.

Northwestern Alligator Lizard

Rutherford, P.L. 2000. COSEWIC Status Report on Northwestern Alligator Lizard Elgaria coerulea principis. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Rutherford, P.L. & P.T. Gregory. 2003. Habitat use and movement patterns of Northern Alligator Lizards (Elgaria coerulea) and Western Skinks (Eumeces skiltonianus) in Southeastern British Columbia. Journal of Herpetology 37: 98-106.

Pigmy Short-horned Lizard

Christian, K.A. 1998. Thermoregulation by the short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi) at high elevation. Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 395-399.

Powell, G.L. & A.P. Russell. 1998. The status of short-horned lizards, Phrynosoma douglasi and P. hernandezi, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 112: 1-16.

Sarell, M.J. 2003. Recovery strategy for the Pigmy Short-horned Lizard (Phrynosoma douglasi) in Canada. First Draft. Prepared for the Southern Interior Reptile and Amphibian Recovery Team in British Columbia.

Western Skink

Ovaska, K.E. & C. Engelstoft. 1998. COSEWIC Status Report on Western Skink Eumeces skiltonianus. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

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Snakes

Common Garter Snake

Charland, M.B. & P.T. Gregory. 1995. Movements and habitat use in gravid and nongravid female garter snakes (Colubridae, Thamnophis). Journal of Zoology 236: 543-561.

Gregory, P.T. 1984. Habitat, diet, and composition of assemblages of garter snakes (Thamnophis) at eight sites on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 2013-2022.

Gregory, P.T. & K.W. Larsen. 1993. Geographic variation in reproductive characteristics among Canadian populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). Copeia 1993:946-958.

Larsen, K.W. & P.T. Gregory. 1989. Population size and survivorship of the common garter snake, Thammophis sirtalis, near the northern limit of its distribution. Holarctic Ecology 12: 81-86.

Larsen, K.W., P.T. Gregory, & R. Antoniak. 1993. Reproductive ecology of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis at the northern limit of its range. American Midland Naturalist 129: 336-345.

Lawson, P.A. 1994. Orientation abilities and mechanisms in nonmigratory populations of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis and Thamnophis ordinoides). Copeia 2:263-274.

Nelson, K.J. & P.T. Gregory. 2000. Activity patterns of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, in relation to weather conditions at a fish hatchery on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Journal of Herpetology 34: 32-40.

Great Basin Gopher Snake

Bertram, N., K.W. Larsen & J. Surgenor. 2001. Identification of critical habitats and conservation issues for the Western Rattlesnake and Great Basin Gopher Snake within the Thompson-Nicola region of British Columbia. Final Report for the British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection and the Habitat Conservation Trust Fund of British Columbia. Click to download PDF version (1.6 MB).

Nelson, K.J. 1992. A survey of the distribution, biology, and population trends of the Great basin gopher snake, Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola, in British Columbia. In consultation with P.T. Gregory, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia.

Nield, D. 2002. Recovery strategy for the Great Basin Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer ssp. deserticola). Prepared by D. Nield and the Herpetological Conservation Action Group for the Ministry of Water, Land, and Air Protection, Central Interior of British Columbia.

Rodriguez-Robles, J.A. 2002. Feeding ecology of the North American gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer, Colubridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77: 165-183.

Shewchuk, C.H. 1990. The natural history of reproduction and movement patterns in the gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) in Southern British Columbia. Master of Science Thesis, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia.

Waye, H.L. & C. Shewchuk. 1999. COSEWIC Status Report on the Gopher Snake Pitouphis catenifer. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife (COSEWIC) in Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Night Snake

Goldberg, S.R. 2001. Reproduction in the night snake, Hypsiglena torquata (Serpentes: Colubridae), from Arizona. Texas Journal of Science 53:107-114.

Gregory, L. 2001. COSEWIC status report on the night snake, Hypsiglena torquata. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Lacey, H., C.H. Shewchuk, P.T. Gregory, M.J. Sarell, & L.A. Gregory. 1996. The occurrence of the night snake, Hypiglena torquata, in British Columbia, with comments on its body size and diet. Canadian Field-Naturalist 110: 620-625.

Rodriguez-Robles, J.A. D.G. Mulcahy, & H.W. Greene. 1999. Feeding ecology of the desert night snake, Hypsiglena torquata (Colubridae). Copeia 1999:93-100.

Northern Pacific Rattlesnake

Ashton, K.G. 2001. Body size variation among mainland populations of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). Evolution 55:2523-2533.

Bertram, N. & K.W. Larsen. 2004. Putting the squeeze on venemous snakes: accuracy and precision of length measurements taken with the "squeeze box". Herpetological Review 35:235-238. Click to download PDF version.

Didiuk, A.B., J.M. Macartney, & L.A. Gregory. 2003. Status report on the Northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus oreganus oreganus (Holbrook) in British Columbia. Draft. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife In Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Diller, L.V. & R.L. Wallace. 1996. Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in Southwestern Idaho. Herpetologica 52: 343-360.

Gomez, L.M. 2007. Habitat use and movement patterns of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus o. oreganus) in British Columbia. Master of Science Thesis, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia. Click to download PDF version (5.8 MB).

Macartney, J.M. & P.T. Gregory. 1988. Reproductive biology of female rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in British Columbia. Copeia 1988: 47-57.

Macartney, J.M., P.T. Gregory, & M.B. Charland. 1990. Growth and sexual maturity of the western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, in British Columbia. Copeia 1990: 528-542.

Theodoratus, D.H. & D. Chiszar. 2000. Habitat selection and prey odor in the foraging behavior of western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Behaviour 137:119-135.

Northwestern Garter Snake

Gregory, P.T. 1984. Habitat, diet, and composition of assemblages of garter snakes (Thamnophis) at eight sites on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 2013-2022.

Lawson, P.A. 1994. Orientation abilities and mechanisms in nonmigratory populations of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis and Thamnophis ordinoides). Copeia 2:263-274.

Rubber Boa

Cameron, M. & R. St. Clair. 2003. COSEWIC Status report on the rubber boa Charina bottae. Preliminary 2-month Interim Report. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Hoyer, R.E. & G.R. Stewart. 2000. Biology of the rubber boa (Charina bottae) with emphasis on C.b. umbratica. Part I: capture, size, sexual dimorphism, and reproduction. Journal of Herpetology 34: 348-354.

Hoyer, R.E. & G.R. Stewart. 2000. Biology of the rubber boa (Charina bottae) with emphasis on C.b. umbratica. Part II: diet, antagonists, and predators. Journal of Herpetology 34: 354-360.

St. Clair, R. ?. Identifying critical habitats for a vulnerable snake species, the rubber boa. Annual Report. University of Alberta, Department of Biology, Edmonton, Alberta.

Sharp-tailed Snake

Feldman, C.R. & G.S. Spicer. 2002. Mitochondrial variation in sharp-tailed snakes (Contia tenuis): evidence of the cryptic species. Journal of Herpetology 36: 648-655.

Ovaska, K.E. & C. Engelstoft. Status ?. report on the sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis Baird and Girard, in Canada. Draft. Prepared for the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Western Terrestrial (Wandering) Garter Snake

Charland, M.B. & P.T. Gregory. 1995. Movements and habitat use in gravid and nongravid female garter snakes (Colubridae, Thamnophis). Journal of Zoology 236: 543-561.

Gregory, P.T. 1984. Habitat, diet, and composition of assemblages of garter snakes (Thamnophis) at eight sites on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 2013-2022.

Western Yellow-bellied Racer

Campbell, C.A. & D.W. Perrin. 1997. Status report on the racer Coluber constrictor in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Rosen, P.C. 1991. Comparative ecology and life-history of the Racer (Coluber contrictor) in Michigan. Copeia 1991:897-909.

Shewchuk, C.H. & J.D. Austin. 2001. Food habits of the racer (Coluber contrictor mormon) in the northern part of its range. Herpetelogical Journal 11:151-155.

Shewchuk, C.H. & H.L Waye. 1995. Status of the western yellow-bellied racer in British Columbia.

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Turtles

Pacific Green Turtle

McAlpine, D.F., S.A. Orchard, & K.A. Sendall. 2002. Recent occurrences of the green turtle from British Columbia waters. Northwest science 76: 185-188.

Seminoff, J.A., A. Resendiz, & W.J. Nichols. 2002. Home range of green turtles Chelonia mydas at a coastal foraging area in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 242: 253-265.

Seminoff, J.A., A. Resendiz, W.J. Nichols, & T.T. Jones. 2002. Growth rates of wild green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at a temperate foraging area in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Copeia 2002:610-617

Pacific Leatherback Turtle

Crim, J.L., L.D. Spotila, J.R. Spotila, M. O’Connor, R. Reina, C.J. Williams, & F.V. Paladino. 2002. The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, exhibits both polyandry and polygyny. Molecular Ecology 11: 2097-2106.

Crowder, L. 2000. Leatherback’s survival will depend on an international effort. Nature 405: 881.

Spotila, J.R., R.D. Reina, A.C. Steyermark, P.T. Plotkin, & F.V. Paladino. 2000. Pacific leatherback turtles face extinction. Nature 405:529-530.

Red-eared Slider

No resources available at this time.

Western Painted Turtle

Cooley, C.R, A.O. Floyd, A. Dolinger, & P.B. Tucker. 2003. Demography and diet of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) at high-elevation sites in southwestern Colorado. Southwestern Naturalist 48: 47-53.

Jackson, D.C. 2002. Hibernating without oxygen: the painted turtle. Journal of Physiology, London 543: 731-737.

Macartney, J.M. & P.T. Gregory. 1985. The Western Painted Turtle in Kikomun Creek Provincial Park. University of Victoria, Department of Biology.

MacCulloch, R.D. & D.M. Secoy. 1983. Demography, growth, and food of western painted turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii (Gray), from southern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 1499-1509.

St. Clair, R.C. & P.T. Gregory. 1990. Factors affecting the northern range limit of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) – winter acidosis or freezing. Copeia 1990: 1083-1089.

Western (Northern Pacific) Pond Turtle

Cameron, M.A. & R. St. Clair. 1999. COSEWIC Status Report on the Pacific Pond Turtle Clemmys marmorata. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), Ottawa, Ontario.

Gray, E.M. 1995. DNA fingerprinting reveals a lack of genetic variation in northern populations of the western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata). Conservation Biology 9: 1244-1254.

Spinks, P.Q., G.B. Pauly, J.J. Crayon, & H.B. Shaffer. 2003. Survival of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment. Biological Conservation 113: 257-267.

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